柏林航空支持使用RNP 程序用於起降
Airberlin Backs the Use of RNP Procedure for Takeoff and Landing
本文譯自CANSO ATM NEWS 12 April 2012
鄭國璽
柏林航空(Airberlin)是德國第一家倡導RNP 衛星精確進場程序
(satellite based precision ladings)用於奧地利因斯布魯克
(Innsbruck)的航空公司，該公司目前仍持續發展相關尖端技術以成
為該領域的領導者。
所謂RNP-AR，係指Require Navigation Performance with
Authorization Required 的意思，其目的在使航機可維持在特定的
路徑上，以便安全地穿越山谷或在惡劣的天候下起降。同時RNP 程序
亦有極大的潛力可用來解決目前航道下噪音擾民的困擾，因為RNP 程
序可提供曲線進場方式，不像傳統程序只能實施線性進場，因此未來
透過航道重劃方式，將可避開人口稠密區域，降低噪音惱人問題。另
外在節省燃油部分，因RNP 程序對空域的有效使用，將使燃油的使用
更為節省。
柏林航空為使衛星精確進場程序成為日常飛航程序的一部份，該
公司自2009 年起便已加入一項名為｢複雜異構空中交通(complex
heterogeneous air traffic (HETEREX)｣的聯合研究計畫，此研究計
畫之目的，乃在建立RNP 曲線起降程序用於德國各機場之條件。在此
計畫下，人口稠密區或障礙物等未來將可輕易避開，藉以有效解決噪
音及廢氣排放等問題，尤其RNP 程序將可開啟柏林布蘭登堡機場
(Berlin Brandenburg Airport)新航線範圍的討論。
柏林航空波音機隊總機師Marc Altenscheidt 進一步解釋說，｢
從前面因斯布魯克這個案例可以看得出來，柏林航空所具備的專業能
力已足以在其他機場實施RNP 起降了。目前我們的波音機隊業已建立
必要的技術能力，同時飛行員也已完成相關訓練了。有了這項新的
RNP 程序後，柏林航空的波音機隊又多了另一項更安全、更可靠的起
降方式，哪怕是在暴風雨的天候中。同時新程序也有效提高了飛行的
效率。另外，在因斯布魯克這個案例上還有另外一個特點，那就是
RNP-AR 允許柏林航空在惡劣的天候條件下實施離場，這使柏林航空
具備了極大的競爭優勢，因為當柏林航空能在能見度不低於300 公尺
的情況下離場時，其他航空公司因需遵守目視飛行規則關係將無法實
施離場。｣
原文
airberlin is continuing to develop its role as a pioneer of
cutting edge technology and is the first German airline to
initiate satellite-based precision landings using the RNP
procedure with its Boeing fleet in Innsbruck.
RNP-AR, which stands for “Required Navigation Performance with
Authorization Required＂, makes it possible to fly a specific
path safely on approaches through mountain valleys and to take
off and land in stormy weather conditions. The RNP procedure
has tremendous potential to reduce noise pollution, which has
not yet been exploited to the full in Germany. In the future,
aircraft could be re-routed to avoid flying over densely
populated areas close to airports, since the RNP procedure
allows aircraft to make a curved final approach and the flight
path does not need to be linear. In the area of fuel efficiency
the approach procedure can also lead to savings due to a more
efficient use of air space.
To establish satellite-based precision landings as a part of
regular flight operations, airberlin has been participating in
the joint research project for complex heterogeneous air
traffic (HETEREX) since 2009. The aim of the research project
is to create the conditions for curved approaches on takeoff
and landing at German airports using the RNP procedure. In this
way densely populated areas and obstacles can be avoided and
an effective contribution can be made to reducing noise and
emissions pollution. In particular, the RNP procedure could
open up a new dimension in the discussion on aircraft routing
for Berlin Brandenburg Airport.
Marc Altenscheidt, airberlin captain and head of the Boeing
fleet, explains: “The case of Innsbruck shows that airberlin
has the operational expertise to carry out takeoffs and
landings using RNP procedure at other airports as well. We have
created the technical conditions necessary within the Boeing
fleet and our pilots are trained in this procedure. With the
new approach procedure airberlin＇s Boeing fleet now has access
to another potential means of taking off and landing, which
further increases flight safety and the reliability of flights
even in stormy weather conditions. It also presents new
possibilities in the area of environmentally efficient flying.
A particular feature in Innsbruck is that RNP-AR can also be
used for difficult takeoffs. This gives us a huge competitive
advantage, because airberlin can take off in fog with
visibility of up to 300 metres. In such stormy conditions, other
airlines have to adhere to visual flight rules in the initial
part of the flight in order to fly out of the valley.＂
